Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide — but early detection saves lives. Awareness about symptoms, screening methods, and diagnostic tests empowers women to seek medical help in time. In Pakistan, regular breast screenings and self-examinations can play a vital role in reducing mortality caused by late-stage detection.
This guide provides essential information about breast cancer, diagnosis, and key tests every woman should consider.
1. What Is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in breast tissue. These cells can form a lump or spread to other parts of the body if not detected early.
It typically begins in the ducts (ductal carcinoma) or lobules (lobular carcinoma) of the breast.
2. Common Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Recognizing early warning signs is crucial. Visit a healthcare professional if you notice any of the following:
- A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area
- Change in breast size, shape, or appearance
- Dimpling or puckering of the breast skin
- Nipple discharge (especially blood-stained)
- Pain or tenderness in the breast
- Redness or peeling of the nipple or breast skin
Tip: Perform monthly self-examinations after your menstrual cycle ends, and consult your doctor if you feel any unusual change.
3. Breast Cancer Awareness: Why It Matters
Awareness encourages women to undergo screening and diagnostic tests regularly. Many women ignore mild symptoms or delay checkups due to fear or lack of knowledge.
Campaigns during Breast Cancer Awareness Month (October) aim to educate communities about prevention, early detection, and the importance of regular checkups.
4. Risk Factors of Breast Cancer
While breast cancer can affect anyone, certain factors increase the risk:
| Risk Factor | Description |
|---|---|
| Age | Risk increases with age, especially after 40 |
| Family History | Having close relatives with breast cancer |
| Genetic Mutations | BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations |
| Hormonal Factors | Early menstruation or late menopause |
| Obesity | Increases estrogen levels |
| Alcohol Consumption | Linked to higher cancer risk |
| Lack of Physical Activity | Reduces immunity and hormonal balance |
5. Essential Diagnostic Tests for Breast Cancer
Accurate diagnosis helps determine the right treatment approach. Below are key tests used for breast cancer screening and confirmation:
| Test Name | Purpose | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mammography (Screening Test) | Early detection | Low-dose X-ray that detects lumps before they are felt |
| Breast Ultrasound | Diagnostic | Uses sound waves to differentiate between solid and fluid-filled lumps |
| Breast MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) | Diagnostic | Provides detailed images for high-risk patients or dense breast tissue |
| Biopsy | Confirmation | Removes a small tissue sample for laboratory examination |
| Hormone Receptor Tests | Treatment planning | Determines if cancer cells are estrogen or progesterone receptor–positive |
| HER2 Test | Treatment planning | Detects HER2 protein overexpression that drives cancer growth |
Recommended Screening Age: Women aged 40 and above should undergo annual mammography or as advised by their healthcare provider.
6. Preventive Tips for Breast Health
- Maintain a healthy weight and balanced diet
- Exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes a day)
- Limit alcohol and avoid smoking
- Conduct monthly breast self-exams
- Schedule regular clinical breast exams and mammograms
- Discuss family history with your doctor
7. Importance of Early Detection
Early detection not only saves lives but also reduces the need for aggressive treatments. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer survival rates exceed 90% when detected early.
At Nayab Labs & Diagnostic Centre, we offer advanced breast cancer screening services, including Mammography, Breast Ultrasound, and Blood Tests for hormonal evaluation — ensuring accurate results with complete confidentiality.
Conclusion
Breast cancer is treatable when diagnosed early. Regular screenings, awareness, and proactive health habits are your strongest defense.
Take charge of your health — schedule your breast screening today at a trusted diagnostic center near you.
