Measles, known as خسرہ in Urdu, is a highly contagious viral infection that mainly affects children but can also occur in adults. Despite being preventable through vaccination, measles continues to be a significant public health concern in Pakistan, particularly in areas with low immunization coverage. Understanding the symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention of measles is crucial for early detection and effective management.
Symptoms of Measles (خسرہ کی علامات)
The symptoms of measles usually appear 7–14 days after exposure to the virus. The infection typically starts with high fever (تیز بخار), which often begins suddenly and may reach 40°C (104°F). This is followed by a persistent dry cough (کھانسی), runny nose (ناک بہنا), and red, watery eyes (آنکھوں کا لال ہونا اور پانی آنا). Conjunctivitis can make the eyes sensitive to light, causing discomfort.
A hallmark feature of measles is Koplik spots (کاپلیک دھبے)—tiny white spots inside the mouth, usually on the inner cheeks. These spots often appear 2–3 days before the skin rash and are a key diagnostic indicator.
The measles rash (چھالے/داغ) is red and blotchy, usually starting on the face and spreading downward to the trunk and limbs. The rash generally appears 3–5 days after initial symptoms. Other common symptoms include fatigue, irritability, and loss of appetite, while in some cases, children may experience diarrhea or vomiting.
Early recognition of these symptoms is critical to prevent the spread of the virus and to provide timely medical care.
Diagnostic Tests for Measles (خسرہ کی تشخیص کے لیے ٹیسٹ)
While measles can often be diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests are used to confirm the infection, especially during outbreaks.
Serology (خون کا ٹیسٹ / Antibody Test)
- IgM antibodies are detectable in the blood within 3–5 days after the rash appears, indicating a recent infection.
- IgG antibodies help determine past infection or immunity, either from previous illness or vaccination.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Test
- This test detects measles RNA from throat swabs, nasal swabs, or urine.
- PCR is highly sensitive and specific, making it especially useful in outbreak investigations.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Although non-specific, a CBC may show leukopenia (low white blood cell count), which can support the diagnosis.
Early laboratory confirmation is important not only for individual treatment but also to implement public health measures to prevent further transmission.
Prevention and Awareness
Measles is preventable through vaccination, specifically the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine. Ensuring that children receive their vaccinations on time is the most effective way to reduce the risk of infection. Maintaining good hygiene, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and promptly isolating suspected cases are also crucial steps in preventing the spread of measles.
At Nayab Labs & Diagnostic Centre, we provide accurate diagnostic testing for measles, along with expert guidance on vaccination and preventive care. Early detection and vaccination are key to protecting children and communities from this highly contagious disease.
Conclusion
Measles remains a serious viral infection, but with awareness, timely diagnosis, and preventive measures, its impact can be significantly reduced. Parents should remain vigilant for early symptoms such as high fever, cough, red eyes, and rash, and seek laboratory testing if necessary. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of measles prevention, ensuring the health and safety of future generations.
